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1.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 35(2): 104-110, jun. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020625

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) es más prevalente en hombres, los estudios poblacionales muestran una relación de 2:1, sin embargo, en los estudios clínicos la frecuencia llega a ser de hasta de 6:1. Estas diferencias en el ambiente clínico puede ser consecuencia de variaciones en el reporte de síntomas en hombres comparados con mujeres. OBJETIVO: Evaluar las diferencias de género en la presentación clínica de apnea obstructiva de sueño. Pacientes: Estudio transversal de pacientes sometidos a una poligrafía respiratoria (PR) con sospecha clínica de SAHOS. Se recolectaron datos demográficos, antropométricos, comorbilidades y las variables de la PR. Se realizó estudio t de student, Mann-Whitney y chi-cuadrado según correspondiera. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 1.044 pacientes: edad promedio 53,2 ± 14 años, 76% hombres. Las mujeres con SAHOS poseen mayor IMC (32,2 ± 6,1 vs 30,8 ± 5,0; p=0,002) y edad (61,4 ± 12,2 vs 52,6 ± 13,9; p < 0,001), pero menor circunferencia de cuello (CC) (38,1 ± 3,6 vs 43,2 ± 3,3; p < 0,001), además, presentan menor IA/H y menor duración de las apneas. No hubo diferencias en los síntomas clásicos de apneas presenciada y somnolencia diurna, sin embargo, describen más frecuentemente insomnio, cefalea matinal, depresión y uso de fármacos hipnóticos. CONCLUSIONES: Las mujeres al momento del diagnóstico son de mayor edad y más obesas, aunque presentan una CC menor, presentan una enfermedad más leve, pero refieren más fatiga, cansancio, cefalea e insomnio. Debemos estar alerta en la presentación clínica diferente de las mujeres para mejorar la sospecha diagnóstica.


INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is more prevalent in men, population studies show a ratio of 2:1, however in clinical studies the frequency is as high as 6:1. These differences in the clinical setting may be a consequence of variations in the reporting of symptoms in men compared to women. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate gender differences between women and men with recent diagnosis of OSA. Patients: A cross-sectional, study of patients undergoing home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) with clinical suspicion of OSA. Demographic, anthropometric, comorbidities and HSAT variables were collected. We performed t student analysis, Mann-Whitney test or chi square test as appropriate. RESULTS: 1,044 patients were included: mean age 53.2 ± 14 years, 76% men. Women with OSA have a higher BMI (32.2 ± 6.1 vs 30.8 ± 5.0, p = 0.002), were older (61.4 ± 12.2 vs 52.6 ± 13.9, p <0.001), but have a lower neck circumference (NC) (38.1 ± 3.6 vs. 43.2 ± 3.3, p <0.001). The women presented lower AHI and shorter duration of apneas. Although the classic symptoms of apnea and daytime sleepiness showed no differences, women reported more frequently insomnia, morning headache, depression and use of hypnotic drugs. CONCLUSIONS:: Clinical differences between gender are present at time of diagnosis. Woman are older and more obese, although they have a lower NC. They have a milder disease, but they refer to be more tired, headache, insomnia and depression. We must be alert in the different clinical presentation of women to improve the diagnostic suspicion.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Polysomnography/methods , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/epidemiology , Body Mass Index , Chi-Square Distribution , Comorbidity , Sex Factors , Anthropometry , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology
2.
Rev. argent. radiol ; 77(3): 0-0, set. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-694927

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de Lhermitte-Duclos o gangliocitoma displásico cerebeloso es una entidad infrecuente que se presenta como un proceso expansivo de la fosa posterior, de lento crecimiento y patogenia desconocida. Puede estar asociada a otras anomalías congénitas. Presentamos el caso de un gangliocitoma displásico de cerebelo en un paciente de sexo masculino, de 77 años de edad, con antecedentes de adenocarcinoma prostático, que fue estudiado por tomografía computada (TC) y resonancia magnética (RM). Los hallazgos característicos, junto con una evaluación neuroquirúrgica y un manejo apropiados, permitieron efectuar el diagnóstico preoperatorio sin necesidad de recurrir a exámenes histopatológicos...


The Lhermitte-Duclos disease or dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma is an uncommon disorder that presents as an expansive, slow growing process of the posterior fossa, of unknown pathogenesis, that may be associated with other congenital anomalies.A case is presented of a dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma in a 77 year-old male patient, with a history of prostatic adenocarcinoma. A study was made using Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MRI), where the characteristic findings enabled a preoperative diagnosis to be made without need for histopathological examination, in addition to a neurosurgical evaluation and appropriate management...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Cerebellar Neoplasms , Ganglioneuroma , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
3.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 73(2): 125-132, ago. 2013. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-690556

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La implementación de Programas de Evaluación Auditiva Neonatal (PEAN) eficientes permite mejorar la pesquisa de recién nacidos (RN) con hipoacusia congénita (HC), facilitando una intervención temprana. Objetivo: Describir los resultados del PEAN universal llevado a cabo por el Departamento de Otorrinolaringología de Clínica Las Condes. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se estudiaron los resultados del programa y las variables: género, edad de diagnóstico, edad gestational al parto y factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de HC en RN evaluados entre mayo 2001 y junio 2012. Resultados: Fueron evaluados 18.224 RN. Reprobaron esta evaluación 809 RN (4,43%). Se diagnostican 70 HC (56% varones, 44% mujeres), con una incidencia general estimada de 3-4 cada 1.000 RN en este establecimiento. 54,3% correspondió a HC unilaterales y 45,7% a bilaterales, siendo éstas en 90% leves a moderadas. El factor de riesgo mayormente asociado fue presencia de anomalías craneofaciales en 38,5% seguido de un peso nacimiento <1.500 gr. en 10%. Discusión y conclusiones: Es imperativo la realización de PEAN universales para diagnosticar a la población general susceptible a desarrollar HC y más aún en aquellas poblaciones donde se concentran los factores de riesgo.


Introduction: Efficient universal newborn hearing screening program (UNHSP) Implementation allows the inquest improvement of newborns with congenital hearing loss (CHL), facilitating an early intervention. Aim: To describe the results of the UNHSP carried out by the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Clinica Las Condes. Material and method: Descriptive, retrospective study. We studied the program results and variables: sex, diagnosis age, birth age in weeks and risk factors associated with development CHL in newborns evaluated between May, 2001 and June, 2012. Results: 18.224 newborns were evaluated. 809 reproved this evaluation (4.43%). We diagnosed 70 CHL (56% males, 44% women), with an incidence estimated of 3-4 cases every 1.000 newborns. 54.3% corresponded to unilateral CHL and 45.7% bilateral, 90% of this CHL were slight to moderate. The presence of craniofacial anomalies was the main associate risk factor in 38,5% followed by a weight birth <1.500 gr. in a 10%. Discussion and conclusions: Is imperative the accomplishment of UNHSP to diagnose the population at risk of developing CHL and even more in those populations where the risk factors are concentrated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Neonatal Screening/methods , Hearing Loss/diagnosis , Hearing Tests/methods , Severity of Illness Index , Chile , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Hearing Loss/congenital , Hearing Loss/epidemiology
4.
Heart Views. 2013; 14 (3): 106-116
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-142015

ABSTRACT

Contrast-induced nephropathy [CIN] is a serious complication of angiographic procedures resulting from the administration of contrast media [CM]. It is the third most common cause of hospital acquired acute renal injury and represents about 12% of the cases. CIN is defined as an elevation of serum creatinine [Scr] of more than 25% or >/= 0.5 mg/dl [44 micromol/l] from baseline within 48 h. More sensitive markers of renal injury are desired, therefore, several biomarkers of tubular injury are under evaluation. Multiple risk factors may contribute to the development of CIN; these factors are divided into patient- and procedure-related factors. Treatment of CIN is mainly supportive, consisting mainly of careful fluid and electrolyte management, although dialysis may be required in some cases. The available treatment option makes prevention the corner stone of management. This article will review the recent evidence concerning CIN incidence, diagnosis, and prevention strategies as well as its treatment and prognostic implications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Angiography , Acute Kidney Injury , Creatinine
5.
IJEM-Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2012; 14 (3): 234-240
in Persian | IMEMR | ID: emr-149144

ABSTRACT

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease caused by loss of Bone Mass Density [BMD] and consequent fractures of disease increase the pain and decrease the individual's quality of life. The present study was conducted to compare the quality of life in osteoporotic postmenopausal women with their normal counterparts. A cross sectional study was conducted on 275 postmenopausal females referred to the Namazi hospital in Shiraz. BMD was measured based on WHO standards and subjects with BMD < - 2.5 Standard Deviation [SD] of the average value, were defined as having osteoporosis [cases], while those with BMD >1 SD, were considered normal [controls]. The Qualeffo-41 questionnaire was used to estimate the quality of life and was reported on a scale of 100. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using the t-test and descriptive statistics. The mean of the quality of life score was 25.5 +/- 11.7 and based on the WHO definition, 70.2% of participants were affected by osteoporosis. Estimates for good quality of life in osteoporosis subjects and normal postmenopausal females were 22.3% and 30.5%, respectively. Comparing the different aspects of quality of life in the cases and normal postmenopausal females, showed a statistical difference between the two groups in the "social activities" aspect. Regarding the gradual and asymptomatic trend of osteoporosis, it is essential to pay more attention to the preventive aspect of the disease to curtail effects of its outcomes on the quality of life.

6.
Indian J Med Sci ; 2011 Dec; 65(12) 547-551
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-147809

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus capitis is a coagulase-negative species (CoNS) of Staphylococcus. It causes antimicrobial resistance for nosocomial infections as well as for community-acquired infections. This case report involves a 51-year-old, married Saudi patient. He got admitted to the male medical ward of Aseer Central Hospital, with severe chest infection. Clinical examination, X-ray, and laboratory investigations were performed which involved bactech, culture media, antibiotic sensitivity test using disk diffusion [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)] and molecular [polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] for detection of CoNS of Staphylococcus species and detection of the mecA gene. Laboratory data were recorded in special formats and analyzed by statistical computer program (SPSS). Results showed the resistance of isolated S. capitis to many commonly used antibiotics.

7.
SQUMJ-Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal. 2011; 11 (2): 269-272
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-110302

ABSTRACT

Visceral leishmaniasis is a disease caused by a haemoflagellate protozoan of the genus Leishmania. It has a wide geographical spread. Classic cases are found primarily in children and present with typical features that include fever, anaemia, hepatosplenomegaly, hypergammaglobulinaemia, and pancytopenia. The diagnosis is usually achieved by bone marrow smears, culture and serology; however, it can manifest itself atypically, mostly in patients infected with HIV and geriatric immunocompetent patients. We report an unusual case of visceral leishmaniasis diagnosed in a 27 year-old HIV-infected male who presented with abdominal discomfort and diarrhea of four weeks duration associated with nausea and vomiting, but with no typical symptoms or signs of visceral leishmaniasis. The diagnosis was established through the identification of the Leishmania organisms in duodenal and colonic biopsies and confirmed by subsequent bone marrow smears


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , HIV , Immunocompromised Host , HIV Infections
8.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 69(2): 93-102, ago. 2009. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-554732

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La hipoacusia es la discapacidad congénita más frecuente entre los recién nacidos vivos y su diagnóstico precoz e intervención temprana permiten un desarrollo social y educacional normal en el niño. Objetivo: Revisar la experiencia del programa de evaluación auditiva universal de nuestra institución. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo de todos los recién nacidos evaluados entre mayo de 2001 y diciembre de 2007. El tamizaje auditivo se realizó mediante emisiones otoacústicas y potenciales evocados auditivos automatizados. Resultados: En el período de estudio fueron evaluados 10.095 recién nacidos, pesquisándose 30 casos de hipoacusia congénita. La mayoría de éstas (80 por ciento) correspondieron a hipoacusias leves a moderadas. El diagnóstico de hipoacusia estaba confirmado antes de los 3 meses de vida en el 88,5 por ciento de los casos. Se calculó una tasa de hipoacusia congénita de 2,8 por cada 1.000 recién nacidos en sala cuna y de 21 por cada 1.000 recién nacidos de alto riesgo (UTI neonatal). Discusión: En nuestros resultados destacan la amplia cobertura lograda y la precocidad del diagnóstico, lo que ha permitido realizar una oportuna intervención y rehabilitación.


Introduction: Hearing loss is the most common congenital disability, and its early recognition and treatment is important for the normal social and educational development of the child. Aim: To review the results of the universal newborn hearing screening program at our institution. Material and method: Retrospective study of all newborns examined between May 2001 and December 2007. Hearing screening was carried out by otoacoustic emissions and automated auditory brainstem potentials. Results: 30 cases of congenital hearing loss were detected among the 10.095 newborns that were examined during the study period. Most hearing impairments (80 percent) were mild to moderate. Diagnosis of hearing loss was confirmed by the age of 3 months in88.5 percent> of the patients. We estimated a congenital hearing loss rate of 2.8 cases in 1000 newborns at the nursery, and of 21 cases In 1000 high-risk newborns (neonatal ICU). Discussion: From our results, it is noteworthy the high coverage and the early diagnosis achieved, which enabled us to make timely interventions and rehabilitation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Hearing Tests , Hearing Loss/diagnosis , Hearing Loss/epidemiology , Neonatal Screening/methods , Chile/epidemiology , Early Diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Incidence , Hearing Loss/congenital
9.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 20(4): 491-499, jul. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-530385

ABSTRACT

Las indicaciones de la amigdalectomía y la adenoidectomía no han variado significativamente en las últimas décadas. En la actualidad, una gran variedad de métodos quirúrgicos están disponibles para realizar estos procedimientos, todos los cuales son esencialmente seguros y efectivos. La posibilidad de visualizar el campo operatorio rinofaríngeo a través de una cámara adosada a un endoscopio ha permitido reducir las recurrencias sintomáticas y las complicaciones post-operatorias. Respecto a la amigdalectomía, cobran cada día más importancia nuevas técnicas como son la ablación por radiofrecuencia o las resecciones intracapsulares que permiten disminuir las tasas de hemorragia y el dolor post-operatorio. La decisión de optar por una técnica en particular dependerá de una serie de factores: indicación de la cirugía (infección vs. obstrucción), disponibilidad de equipamiento en pabellón, posibilidad de asumir costos adicionales y preferencias del cirujano.


The indications for adenotonsillectomy have not been changed significlantly in the last decades. Currently, a great variety of surgical procedures are available and are all essentially safe and effective. Regarding tonsillectomy, everyday new techniques are becoming more popular, such as coblation, radiofrecuency, or intracapsular resection that allows a decrease in the incidente of post operative hemorrhage and pain. The use of an endoscope and camera to visualize the rhino pharynx has reduced the recurrence of adenoids and decreased post operative complications. The decision for one particular surgical technique will vary depending of several factors, such as infection versus obstruction, availability of equipment, the possibility of assuming extra cost, and the preference of each surgeon.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adenoidectomy/methods , Papillomaviridae , Adenoids/surgery , Tonsillectomy/methods
10.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 20(4): 470-476, jul. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-530388

ABSTRACT

La roncopatía y la apnea obstructiva del sueño son problemas muy comunes en la población general. Su causa es un colapso de la vía aérea superior en cualquiera de sus niveles, nasal, orofaringeo y/o hipofaringeo (base de lengua). La roncopatía es un problema fundamentalmente social. Por otro lado la apnea obstructiva del sueño constituye un problema de riesgo médico por la mayor tasa de accidentes de tráfico, accidentes cardiovasculares, etc. Si bien es cierto ambas entidades son de resolución médica mediante el uso de CPAP, se han descrito un sinnúmero de técnicas quirúrgicas desde 1981 con el fin de ayudar a aquellos pacientes que no desean o no toleran el uso de CPAP.


Snoring and Sleep Apnea Syndrom are common disorders among general population. Both entities are produced by collapse of the Upper airway usually at multiples levels, nose, oropharinx and /or hypopharinx (base of tongue). Whereas snoring is social problem, sleep apnea syndrome is a medical entity because of the higher rates of traffic accidents and cardiovascular diseases. The current mainstay for treating these disorders is the CPAP, however many surgical procedures have been described since 1981 in order to help a group of patients who cannot or will not accept CPAP as a permanent form of management.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/surgery , Snoring/surgery , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology , Tongue/surgery , Nose/surgery , Oropharynx/surgery , Snoring/physiopathology , Tracheostomy
11.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 20(4): 449-457, jul. 2009. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-530390

ABSTRACT

La disfagia corresponde a una “sensación de dificultad en el avance de la comida desde la boca al estómago” dada por una alteración en alguna de las cuatro etapas de la deglución. Su prevalencia en la población general es de un 6-9 por ciento y se asocia a complicaciones como neumonía aspirativa, desnutrición, deshidratación y obstrucción de la vía aérea. La disfagia orofaríngea es especialmente prevalente en mayores de 75 años, en portadores de cuadros neurológicos (p.ej. accidente vascular encefálico) y en pacientes que han requerido una instrumentación de su vía aérea (intubación orotraqueal y/otraqueostomía). El estudio de la disfagia orofaríngea puede realizarse mediante evaluación clínica, videofluoroscopía, estudio endoscópico con y sin evaluación sensitiva y en el laboratorio de señales de la deglución. El manejo de los pacientes con trastornos de la deglución orofaríngea es multidisciplinario: médico otorrinolaringólogo, fonoaudiólogo, nutricionista, médico fisiatra, radiólogo, KNT, terapeuta ocupacional y enfermera.


The term dysphagia refers to a “feeling of difficulty in the advance of food from the mouth to the stomach” caused by an alteration in any of the four stages of swallowing. The prevalence of dysphagia rises to 6-9 percent of the general population and is associated to complications like aspirative pneumonia, malnutrition, dehydration, and airway obstruction. Oropharyngeal dysphagia is specially frequent in patients older than 75 years, individuals with neurologic diseases (i.e. stroke), and patients who have required intervention of their airways (endotracheal tubes or tracheostomy). Oropharyngeal dysphagia can be examined through clinical evaluation, modified barium swallow, functional endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with or without sensory testing, and in the laboratory of swallowing signals. The management of patients with oropharyngeal swallowing disorders is multidisciplinary: otolaryngologist, speech-language pathologist, nutritionist, physiatrist, radiologist, physical therapist, occupational therapist, and nurse.


Subject(s)
Humans , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Deglutition Disorders/therapy , Deglutition/physiology , Endoscopy , Fluoroscopy/methods , Pneumonia, Aspiration/etiology , Deglutition Disorders/surgery , Deglutition Disorders/physiopathology , Video Recording
12.
Annals of Saudi Medicine. 2009; 29 (2): 123-127
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-90851

ABSTRACT

Tissue microarray is a recent innovation in the field of pathology. A microarray contains many small representative tissue samples from hundreds of different cases assembled on a single histologic slide, and therefore allows high throughput analysis of multiple specimens at the same time. Tissue microarrays are paraffin blocks produced by extracting cylindrical tissue cores from different paraffin donor blocks and re-embedding these into a single recipient [microarray] block at defined array coordinates. Using this technique, up to 1000 or more tissue samples can be arrayed into a single paraffin block. It can permit simultaneous analysis of molecular targets at the DNA, mRNA, and protein levels under identical, standardized conditions on a single glass slide, and also provide maximal preservation and use of limited and irreplaceable archival tissue samples. This versatile technique, in which data analysis is automated facilitates retrospective and prospective human tissue studies. It is a practical and effective tool for high throughput molecular analysis of tissues that is helping to identify new diagnostic and prognostic markers and targets in human cancers, and has a range of potential applications in basic research, prognostic oncology and drug discovery. This article summarizes the technical aspects of tissue microarray construction and sectioning, advantages, application, and limitations


Subject(s)
Paraffin , Prognosis
13.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 68(2): 131-142, ago. 2008. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-503434

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La disfagia orofaríngea es una condición patológica frecuente, especialmente en pacientes añosos. Se asocia a una serie de enfermedades (principalmente neuroiógicas y traumáticas), y conlleva un riesgo considerable de aspiración y neumonía. La evaluación fibroscópica de la deglución es una técnica que permite estudiar la fisiología de la deglución, estimar el riesgo de aspiración y orientar sobre la forma más segura de alimentar al paciente. Objetivo: Revisar la experiencia de nuestra institución en la evaluación fibroscópica de la deglución. Material y método: Entre abril de 2006 y julio de 2007 se evaluaron prospectivamente 75 pacientes, realizándose 96 exámenes en total. Hubo un franco predominio masculino (2/3 del grupo), y la edad promedio de los pacientes evaluados fue de 65,6 + 23,3 años (rango: 12-99 años). El examen se realizó utilizando un nasofaríngolaríngoscopio flexible y administrando alimento (papilla y líquido espeso) teñido con colorante azul natural. En ficha especialmente diseñada se registraron los hallazgos del examen, en especial la presencia de penetración laríngea y de aspiración traqueal del alimento. Resultados: Los diagnósticos neurológicos fueron los más habituales (54,7%), predominando la patología cerebrovascular, el traumatismo encéfalo-craneano y la patología neurológica degenerativa. Sólo el 17,8% de los pacientes presentaron una evaluación completamente normal. La alteración más frecuente fue la presencia de residuos alimentarios posdeglución (79,3%); la penetración laríngea y aspiración traqueal se demostraron en el 46,1% y el 27,3% de las evaluaciones, respectivamente. Tanto la presencia de traqueostomía como la retención de secreciones hipofaríngeas se asociaron, en forma significativa, al hallazgo de aspiración alimentaria. No se logró demostrar una asociación entre el diagnóstico de base del paciente y la severidad de la aspiración. No hubo complicaciones...


Introduction. Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a frequent pathological condition, specially in the elderly It is associated to several diseases (mainly neurological and traumatic) and it carries a risk of pneumonia and aspiration. Fibroscopic evaluation of swallowing allows the study of the physiology of swallowing, the assessment of aspiration risk, and enables counseling as to the safest way to feed the patient. Aim. To review the experience in fibrocopic evaluation of swallowing in our institution Material and method: Seventy five patients were prospectively evaluated between April 2006 and July 2007, for a total of 96 fibroscopies. Two-thirds of the evaluated patients were males, with an average age of 65.6 +/- 23.3 years (ranging from 12 to 99 years). Examination was made by means of a flexible nasopharyngoscope while administering food (purée and thick liquid) stained with a natural blue dye. Findings were registered in a custom-designed data sheet, emphasizing the presence of laryngeal penetration and tracheal aspiration offood. Results. The more frequent diagnoses were neurological (54.7%), with a predominance of cerebrovascular pathology cranial trauma and degenerative neurological pathology Only 17.8% of evaluations were considered completely normal. The most frequent alteration was the presence of post-swallowing food residues (79.3%); laryngeal penetration and tracheal aspiration were demonstrated in 46.1% and 27.3% of evaluations, respectively Both the presence of tracheostomy and of hypopharyngeal secretion retention were significantly associated to food residues presence. An association between the patient s diagnosis and the aspiration severity failed to be demonstrated. No complications were reponed during examination. Conclusion. Swallowing evaluation by fibroscopy is a validated, safe and sensitive examination technique for the evaluation of oropharyngeal dysphagia. It has the advantage of easy-to-carry...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Laryngoscopy/methods , Deglutition Disorders/physiopathology , Inhalation , Deglutition/physiology , Prospective Studies , Pneumonia, Aspiration/etiology , Oropharynx/physiopathology , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Deglutition Disorders/etiology
14.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 18(4): 408-418, oct. 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-475856

ABSTRACT

Los tumores de cabeza y cuello corresponden a un heterogéneo grupo de enfermedades, destacando entre ellas el carcinoma epidermoide de laringe, faringe y cavidad oral, así como las neoplasias glandulares (tiroides y glándulas salivales). Constituyen una patología altamente desafiante, considerando la complejidad anatómica de la región cérvico-facial y las repercusiones funcionales y estéticas que pueden producir tanto la enfermedad como su tratamiento. Estos tumores se manifiestan clínicamente como masas palpables o por la producción de síntomas persistentes en la vía aéreo-digestiva superior. La imagenología y los estudios endoscópicos complementan la evaluación del paciente; la histopatología es esencial para determinar el diagnóstico definitivo. El manejo de los tumores de cabeza y cuello debe estar a cargo de equipos multidisciplinarios, siendo la cirugía y la radioterapia los pilares del tratamiento. El pronóstico de esta enfermedad está determinado, principalmente, por el tipo histológico y el estadio tumoral.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/physiopathology , Laryngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Laryngeal Neoplasms/physiopathology , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/physiopathology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery , Head and Neck Neoplasms/physiopathology , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Thyroid Neoplasms , Papilloma/physiopathology , Herpesvirus 4, Human , Paraganglioma/surgery , Risk Factors
15.
JBMS-Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society. 2006; 18 (4): 196-198
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-77395

ABSTRACT

A26 year old multiparaous Yemeni lady presented during the 3rd trimester of her pregnancy with multiple painless rapidly enlarging bilateral breast and axillary masses with erythema of the overlying skin. Histopathological examination of both breast and axillary masses revealed lactating adenomas although uncommon are the most prevalent breast masses seen in pregnant women. they could be single or multiple and can occur in the breast or in ectopic locations in this case the lesions were multiple bilateral occurring simultaneously in the breast and ectopic locations and reaching enormous proportion [11cm in diameter] with associated overlying engorgement and erythema thus raising the possibility of malignancy lactating adenomas are benign lesions and most show spontaneous involution however the diagnosis is not always straightforward and surgical resection may be required for definitive diagnosis and exclusion of other pathologic processes


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adenoma/diagnosis , Breast Diseases , Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic , Pregnancy Trimester, Third , Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous , Diagnosis, Differential , Immunohistochemistry , Axilla/abnormalities
16.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 65(3): 203-214, dic. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-437980

ABSTRACT

Los parangangliomas son tumores altamente vascularizados que se originan de células provenientes de la cresta neural. El tratamiento de elección es la resección quirúrgica completa, lo cual se ve dificultado por su abundante irrigación y por su estrecha relación anatómica con importantes estructuras vásculo-nerviosas. En el presente estudio se revisa retrospectivamenete la experiencia del Departamento de Otorrinolaringología de Clínica Las Condes en el manejo quirúrgico de estas neoplasias. Entre los años 1998 y 2003 se trataron 5 pacientes portadores de paragangliomas de cabeza y cuello: un glomus yugular (GY), 2 glomus carotídeo (GC) y 2 glomus timpánicos (GT). El estudio imagenológico consistió en tomografía computarizada (TC) para todos los casos, complementada con resonancia nuclear magnética (RNM) y/o angiografía en algunos pacientes. El abordaje quirúrgico fue el indicado para cada lesión: timpanotomía retroauricular (GT), cervicotomía (GC) y abordaje infratemporal tipo A de Fisch (GY). En todos se logró una resección tumoral completa, sin presentarse complicaciones perioperatorias de consideración ni recurrencias hasta la fecha. Contando con un adecuado estudio imagenológico y una cuidadosa planificación quirúrgica, la resección de los paragangliomas de cabeza y cuello puede realizarse con un bajo índice de complicaciones, reservando la radioterapia como alternativa terapéutica únicamente en aquellos casos inoperables.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Carotid Body Tumor/surgery , Carotid Body Tumor/pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Follow-Up Studies , Glomus Tympanicum/pathology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnosis , Carotid Body Tumor/classification , Glomus Jugulare Tumor/classification , Vertigo/etiology
17.
Indian J Pediatr ; 2005 Oct; 72(10): 839-42
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-84518

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe a rare condition that occurred for the first time in Iraqi Kurdistan during the UN Sanctions on Iraq in the nireties. Literature review was made to fine possible causes. METHODS: Patients were collected from various sources including private clinics, hospital outpatient clinics and the Centre for Handicapped Children in the city of Arbil. Clinical features and proper history were the main diagnostic tools. Different treatment regimes were used on those patients. RESULTS: 24 patients were collected; the majority was between 6-18 months. Males were more affected than females. Half of the patients were exclusively breast-fed and three quarter have received blood for anemia. CONCLUSION: Infantile tremor syndrome is a rare condition which was described both in India and outside India as well. It was observed among children in Iraqi Kurdistan during the difficult economic situation under the UN Sanctions. The condition has the same features inside and outside India. The etiology is not very clear yet.


Subject(s)
Age Factors , Anemia/etiology , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Blood Transfusion , Breast Feeding , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Iraq/epidemiology , Male , Malnutrition/complications , Intellectual Disability , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Syndrome , Treatment Outcome , Tremor/diagnosis
19.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 64(3): 190-198, dic. 2004. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-409747

ABSTRACT

La evaluación de la calidad de vida en pacientes con cáncer depende de muchas variables. En los últimos años se han desarrollado una serie de instrumentos (encuestas) que permiten medir la calidad de vida en pacientes oncológicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la factibilidad de la calidad de vida en pacientes oncológicos en Otorrinolaringología. Para ello se aplicó en forma transversal el cuestionario de la Calidad de Vida de la Universidad de Washington, UW-QOL (modificado) a 20 pacientes portadores de cáncer laríngeo manejados en el Hospital Sótero del Río. El grupo de pacientes tratados con quimio-radioterapia (n: 4) tiene una mejor evaluación en casi todos los aspectos estudiados, en comparación a los pacientes sometidos a laringectomía (n: 16). La radioterapia, sin embargo, impacta negativamente en el aspecto relacionado con la secreción salival. Según el tipo de laringectomía, existen diferencias importantes en ciertos aspectos, siendo las laringectomías parciales mejor evaluadas en el habla y las laringectomías totales, mejor valoradas respecto a la deglución. Se concluye que la calidad de vida es un factor importante a considerar a la hora de elegir entre diferentes alternativas de tratamientos oncológicamente aceptables, y debiera ser incorporada como parte de la evaluación rutinaria de estos pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Laryngeal Neoplasms , Quality of Life , Cross-Sectional Studies
20.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 64(3): 223-229, dic. 2004. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-409751

ABSTRACT

Los tumores amigdalinos abarcan una diversidad de lesiones, tanto neoplásicas como inflamatorias. En pacientes adultos, las neoplasias corresponden principalmente a patología maligna, en su mayoría carcinoma epidermoide. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir el perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes portadores de tumor amigdalino, y analizar los principales hallazgos histopatológicos de los diferentes tipos tumorales. Se efectúa un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de pacientes adultos evaluados por tumor amigdalino en el Hóspital Dr. Sotero del Río entre los años 1998 y 2004. Se analizaron las fichas de 19 pacientes. La edad promedio fue de 50 años, con un ligero predominio del sexo masculino. Un 57,9 por ciento de los pacientes refería odinofagia y todos presentaban, al examen físico, una asimetría amigdalina. El hallazgo histopatológico más frecuente fue el carcinoma epidermoide (31,6 por ciento), seguido por la hiperplasia folicular y parafolicular (26,3 por ciento), linfomas (10,5 por ciento) y papilomas (10,5 por ciento).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Tonsillar Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Retrospective Studies
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